The Rats in the Tunnel

The Rats in the Tunnel There is a light at the end of the tunnel: we all know this. Even when it’s hard to find, we know it’s there, just beyond the bend. Finding the light isn’t the hardest part of life’s journey: it’s dealing with what’s hiding in the tunnel. What lurks in the darkness keeps us from focusing on the light. Anytime we visit New York City, we might see oversized rats scurrying down the blackened train tracks below the subway platform. If we jump down and walk those tracks, we will find the light at the end of the subway tunnelâ€"eventually. Finding the light isn’t what worries us: what worries us are the rats in the tunnel. We must contend with whatever stalks the darkness, what waits to trip us up and keep us from the light. The rats are no different from the plethora of obstacles getting in our way every dayâ€"the mundane tasks, the banal distractions, the vapid, harmful ways we pacify ourselves. Minimalism allows us to remove those obstacles and focus on the light; it allows us to shoo the rats from the tunnel and find the light more quickly. Minimalism allows us to swiftly exit the tunnel and avoid the malevolent, filthy creatures lurking in the darkness. And the light is so much brighter when you get out of the tunnel. What are your rats? What keeps you in the tunnel, hidden from the light? Shopping? Television? Internet? Debt? Clothes? Gadgets and consumer electronics? Overeating? Something else? What can you get rid of to focus on the light? What can you remove from your life to make it more meaningful? Read this essay and 150 others in our new book, Essential.

The Trouble with Stereotyping Essay - 840 Words

The Trouble with Stereotyping The world has hit a brick wall in human development. People have created a giant system that categorizes people and groups into classes. These classes are then broken down into subdivisions for people’s placement in the world, and everyone’s eyes. Stereotyping has become so prevalent in every persons thoughts that we now base everything we do on it. We base business, home, and social life on a stereotypical view that doesn’t need to be present in life. In â€Å"Don’t Let Stereotypes Warp Your Judgments,† Robert Heilbroner states that, â€Å"Stereotyping is one way in which we ‘define’ the world in order to see it.† This statement proposes points that people don’t just see people anymore, but the†¦show more content†¦Many people who live in the United States have no college education, but are still doing quite nice, and some even making millions. This type of stereotype on knowledge is a big part of my life because I am not good at school, but I can accomplish many things such as building computers and other computer based operations. I also believe that people shouldn’t just look at a person’s education for the job, but the skills that they can do. The next stereotyping is that of the home based labeling. Parents always look upon the brother to look after the sister. This happens with my friend Brian down the street. His sister is older then he is by two years and heading off for college this year, but the parents are always yelling at Brian to take care of her and to watch out for her. The sister is easily capable of looking after herself, but parents insist and feel safer by having the brother watch out for her. Another stereotype that I have found to be very present in my life is that the oldest child in the family is always the one causing or making trouble even if it isn’t them. Parents always just assume that it is the oldest causing t rouble because they being the oldest and they know better what is right and wrong despite if they did anything at all. Social typecasting is also easy to spot because people can see it everywhere you go. It is present in schools,Show MoreRelatedStereotyping : Stereotypes And Stereotyping1494 Words   |  6 PagesStereotyping In Education Stereotyping is when you treat people unfairly just because they have characteristics of a certain group (Merriam Webster Dictionary). In education stereotyping is something you come in touch with every single day, it is so common we don’t even know it is happening. In everyday life Stereotypes are used, they are directed towards ethnicity, gender, and education. â€Å"In ethnicity, we have the ideas that each race is a certain way† (Aronson. The impact of stereotypes). HereRead MoreStereotyping Is Bad For Kids And People979 Words   |  4 Pagesbut racism, sexism, and prejudice all summed up together making it a whole. Stereotyping is something that an individual acts upon someone that is weaker, lower status, or minors; furthermore, stereotyping can harm another person’s self-esteem, self-control, confidence, and performance in a task (Robles, 2012). Another problem is that stereotyping is almost everywhere like the work industry, schools, and families. Stereotyping is something that needs to be stopped and the person needs to change theirRead MoreEssay on Stereotypes in the Muslim World 857 Words   |  4 Pagesissue without experiencing some sort of stereotyping. Stereotyping is defined as a generalization of a group of peop le, wherein a very simple pattern is used for judging an entire group. In recent times Islam has fallen victim to stereotyping, non-Muslims particularly in the west have a misconception that Islam is a very closed and non-secular religion, that it promotes violence and that most Muslims are terrorists or have a radical inclination. Such stereotyping leads to a multitude of evils such asRead MoreThe Social And Multicultural Differences Of The Movie Crash Essay981 Words   |  4 Pagesbehaviors observed are Prejudice and Stereotyping. These are identified as the causes of the events in the movie. The three main topics of this essay are, what do they say about the people who subscribe to them?, what are stereotypes?, and how have stereotypes affected your life (either by placing them on others or having them placed on you)? These all play a major role in the movie. What do they say about the people who subscribe them? In my opinion, stereotyping is just people assuming things aboutRead MoreRacism And Prejudice By Robert Heilbroner982 Words   |  4 PagesEveryone in the world is familiar with racism and stereotyping, but many individuals may feel indifferent about those topics and do not wish to speak about them. Robert Heilbroner, the author of â€Å"Don’t Let Stereotypes Warp Your Judgements† states that â€Å"Stereotypes are a kind of gossip about the world, a gossip that makes us pre-judge people before we ever lay eyes on them†(200). Racism has yet to become irrelevant and no matter how hard individuals try to eliminate racism, there will always be aRead MoreStereotyping Results in Negative Behavior: An Opinion Essay1375 Words   |  5 PagesUnfortunately, stereotyping occurs far more commonly than people realize. Not all stereotypes are inherently negative; those that are descended from prejudice usually are. Howe ver, even positive stereotypes can have a potentially negative effect because they allow people to make assumptions about others instead of taking the time to find out information about others for themselves. In this regard stereotyping is very much a matter of perception, and usually results in erroneous opinions and beliefsRead MoreThe Cause and Effects of Sterotyping Essay1293 Words   |  6 PagesStereotyping, which can be used positively and negatively, is something everyone uses every day; it is found in our humor, how people describe one another, and beliefs. People stereotype without knowing it; it is a way we use to help us understand a group. The problem with stereotyping is that it’s a self –opinion about a group, not an individual. Everyone has their own unique and distinct personalities, just as everyone has their own fingerprints so it is unfair to be judged quickly by people whoRead MoreA Speech Of Stereotyping : Speech, And Stereotypes1474 Words   |à ‚  6 Pagesthing. To simply put it, a stereotype is when you judge someone based on their appearance, behaviour or race. Stereotyping is something that happens everyday. Usually before meeting or actually knowing someone. It has been proven that the instant we meet someone or the first few moments of encountering a new person, we form an opinion of them, therefore creating a stereotype. Stereotyping in my opinion is one of societys biggest downfalls. Perhaps, this is the reason why so many people care aboutRead MoreHave You Ever Sat Somewhere And Wondered Why An Author1408 Words   |  6 Pagesindividual grows up in. The story evaluated the racial profiling and stereotyping of a Native American in our society today. This shows the readers how the Indian civilization faced stereotypical and prejudice issues during the time period. For Instance the novel states, † You don’t fit the profile of the neighborhood† I wanted to tell him that I didn’t really fit the profile of the country but it would just get me in trouble,† (Alexie 81). This shows even though the Indian Man was having a degradingRead More Perceptual Errors Essay763 Words   |  4 PagesPerceptual Errors Perceptual Organization (1) #61607; Similarity is described as the tendency to group similar items. Similarity is much like stereotyping. Stereotyping is when someone judges another person on the perception of the group to which that person belongs. #61607; Proximity is described as the tendency to group elements that are close together. Implicit theories allow the presence of one characteristic to bring up a list of other characteristics that one would â€Å"think†

The Existence Of Beliefs Beyond Doubt Essay - 2214 Words

Renà © Descartes set out in his writing of Meditations on First Philosophy to prove the existence of beliefs beyond doubt. He begins his first meditation by casting all things into doubt, claiming that there is no reason to believe that anything exists at all, including the external world, God, and even his own being. Descartes believes that anything which cannot be cast into doubt must certainly be true, and then goes on to introduce an argument which attempts to prove the existence of God. Though reasonable, to some extent, at the time of its original proposal, his justification has become notorious for its faulty logic. Descartes’ argument in Meditation Three is widely referred to as the Trademark Argument, as he claims that God left his trademark on humans when he created them, as is stated, â€Å"And indeed it is no surprise that God, in creating me, should have placed this idea in me to be, as it were, the mark of the craftsman stamped on his work†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Descar tes 51). Throughout the meditation, Descartes presents serious problems in his reasoning behind many of his proofs; he also employs circular reasoning to justify his main points. At its core, the Trademark Argument holds some key strengths, but does not serve Descartes’ intent of establishing belief beyond doubt and is therefore ineffective in proving the existence of God. Descartes establishes several proofs throughout his Trademark Argument which aim to confirm the ultimate conclusion that there is a God, and in thisShow MoreRelatedDiscourse on Descartes Skeptical Method1672 Words   |  7 PagesDescartes’ Skeptical Method Descartes’ method offers definitive conclusions on certain topics, (his existence, the existence of God)but his reasoning is not without error. He uses three arguments to prove existence (His and God’s) that attempt to solidify his conclusions. For his method to function seamlessly, Descartes needs to be consistent in his use of the method, that is, he must continue to doubt and challenge thoughts that originate in his own mind. He is unable to achieve this ideal stateRead MoreDescartes Six Meditations on First Philosophy Essay1347 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the six meditations on First Philosophy, French philosopher Rene Descartes seeks to find a concrete foundation for the basis of science, one which he states can only include certain and unquestionable beliefs. Anything less concrete, he argues will be exposed to the external world and to opposition by philosophical sceptics. The sense of the Cartesian reform is the imposition of a new method of thinking. Descartes’ method to begin with is reductive, removing all knowledge acquired withoutRead MoreCan We Prove God Exists? Essay562 Words   |  3 Pagesalways been eager to discuss the existence of God. Some philosophers, such as St Thomas Aquinas, and St Anselm, believe that we have proven that God exists through our senses, logic, and experience. Others such as Soren Kierkegaard, and Holbach, feel that we will never have the answer to this question due to our human limitations, and reason. The believer tends to rely on faith for his belief, and claim they do not need proof in order to believe in the Gods existence. The atheist however, tends toRead MoreEssay on descartes1223 Words   |  5 Pages Descartes ignored all he believed to be true. He believed that if any belief can be doubted it is not certain, making it unusable as a foundation. Descartes jettisons any information, knowledge, or trut hs that are based on his senses. He applied the â€Å"Dream Argument,† (19) where he stated that based on the senses alone, there is no definite way of proving that you are dreaming or awake. Therefore, any truths based upon the senses are unreliable and doubtful. Descartes turned to why and how his sensesRead MoreDescartes and God Essay820 Words   |  4 Pagesemployed in order to understand and come to an agreement on these debated topics. One such topic, which is arguably the greatest topic of debate occurring in modern day, is the existence of God. Sure, many people believe in some sort of higher being, but how many of them try and use logic and rational thought to prove the existence of God. Many probably, however we will only look at one such person. Rene Descartes attempts to use his own logic to come up with the conclusion that a perfect being does existRead MoreHinduism And Taoism1301 Words   |  6 Pagesgod. Buddhism tries to help individuals overcome the sufferi ng and mutability of human existence through the elimination of desire and ego and achievement of the state of nirvana. Although early Hinduism ideas influenced Buddhism, these two religions differ in that Buddhists do not worship the large Parthenon of deities found in Hinduism. The founder of Taoism, Lao Tzu, viewed the Tao as inexpressible and beyond our ability to alter or change. Lao Tzu believed that human life and everything else inRead MoreDescartesMeditations, To What Extent Are We Able To Distinguish Between Reality And Illusion1482 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"With reference to Descartes’ ‘Meditations’, to what extent are we able to distinguish between reality and illusion?† ‘Meditations’ outlines Descartes’ method of justifying, through reasoning alone, his initial beliefs concerning the existence of reality as he perceives it. This challenge of scepticism is itself achieved through adopting a temporary sceptical approach in meditations 1 and 2. By way of mental deconstruction and evaluation of all that he had previously considered true, DescartesRead MoreThe Grim Reader Is All Powerful1574 Words   |  7 Pagesmust anyone welcome the ridiculous idea that their current, stable existence will someday abruptly disappear? Whether I believe I will fade into a dark eternal nirvana, fantasize of a pure heaven, or place my faith in reincarnation matters little before mortality. After all, I cannot eliminate complete doubt of my beliefs. The irrational element of certain death awaiting each and every person is an unshakable truth that can be beyond infuriating. However, in Lloyd Jones’ Mister Pip, Matilda statesRead MoreAnalysis Of R ene Descartes Theory Of God Essay1514 Words   |  7 PagesFor generations in time, the approximative belief of God in conceptual value has been imbued in the heart of the human race as a core valve in man’s history. From antiquity to contemporary modernism, there has always been a diversified integration composed of believers and non-believers of God. The assemblage of those who have â€Å"pledged their allegiance† to God foster a like-minded relation to one religious group or another. On the other hand, â€Å"rationalist - freethinkers† as I would like to call themRead More The Existence Of God Essay1307 Words   |  6 PagesThe Existence of God Works Cited Not Included For centuries, the idea of God has been a part of mans history. Past and present, there has always been a different integration consisting of the believers and the non-believers of God. The group of those who have faith in God tend to be related to one religion or another. On the other hand, the skeptics find the existence of God somewhat puzzling and try to seek the answers through scientific methods. Even as of today with all the modern

The Psychoanalysis Theory Free Essays

string(151) " the facts that clearly, this theory addresses its problem, it can be applied in practical ways and, most importantly, it withstands the test of time\." Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalysis is a theory which tries to discover the connections between the unconscious components of a patient’s mental processes. Freud, a neurologist which has great interests in finding out a treatment for patients with neurotic and hysterical symptoms devised psychoanalysis in Vienna in the 1890s. He called this, â€Å"the hypothesis of unconscious mental activities† (Hook 3). We will write a custom essay sample on The Psychoanalysis Theory or any similar topic only for you Order Now He then developed a method in which talking with the patients is involved. Through this, he found out that the problems of the patients with these kinds of illness stemmed from either repression and/or problems which the patients encountered during childhood. These problems, as Freud believed, lies in the unconscious minds of the persons involved. These problems may not be overtly manifested by the patients, however, in one point in their lives, it will eventually come out. Probably, the main question Freud gives is that, what could possibly have happened during the person’s childhood which affected the way he/she behaves presently? This question is primarily needed for the psychoanalyst to be able to decipher why a certain being acts the way he does. One of the guiding principles of psychoanalysis is the assumption that the problems of the patients in need of psychotherapy lies within the unconscious. This however, was given proof by Freud. According to him, â€Å"the unconscious is the storehouse of instinctual desires, needs, and psychic actions. Also, the unconscious mind acts as a reservoir for repressed memories of traumatic events which continuously influence conscious thoughts and behavior. While past thoughts and memories may be deleted from immediate consciousness, they direct the thoughts and feelings of the individual from the realm of the unconscious†. Through psychoanalysis, these past thoughts and memories which are stored in the unconscious are then unlocked through a process which is called the â€Å"talk therapy†. It is believed that neurotic problems stemmed from the unconscious. These problems, according to Freud, can sometimes manifest themselves in dreams.   The aim, therefore, of psychoanalysis is to bring the repressed memories in the unconscious to the consciousness through a psychoanalytic treatment for it to be addressed accordingly. No matter how successful the movement became, many critics still emerged and deliberately demonstrated their disbelief to the said movement. One of the major critics of Freud’s psychoanalysis is Grà ¼nbaum. In 1986, he said that â€Å"†¦more often than not, they may be the patient’s responses to the suggestions and expectations of the analyst† (186).   He is referring to the clinical data gathered by the psychoanalyst. He claims therefore, that psychoanalysis is not reliable because of the fact that most of the patients respond according to what their analysts want to hear. However, if we are going to go through the aim of psychoanalysis, we will find out that Freud was trying to find out â€Å"reasons† rather than â€Å"causes† so therefore, results are technically not important. His main focus was on how the patients will respond to a certain question and how these patients would reason out when given a certain problem. Technically, the procedure is merely a problem solving process. Another critic, Torrey Fuller, considered by some to be a leading American psychiatrist, writing in Witchdoctors and Psychiatrists (1986) stated that psychoanalytic theories have no more scientific basis than the theories of traditional native healers, â€Å"witchdoctors† or modern â€Å"cult† alternatives. In fact, an increasing number of scientists regard psychoanalysis as a pseudoscience (Cioffi, F. 1998). However, this claim by Fuller, was countered by one of the proponents of psychoanalysis by saying that the concepts and theories of psychoanalysis are more akin to the humanities than those of the physica/biological sciences. Therefore, even if they claim that it is not scientific, they cannot push through with that kind of argument. When Freud died, psychoanalysis continued to flourished in its role in solving mysteries with the unconscious. In fact, there emerged the post-freuedian schools which are the Object Relations Theory and the Interpersonal Psychoanalysis. These schools of thought reinforced, in some ways, the psychoanalytic movement proposed by Freud. The Object Relations theory states that the ego-self exist only in relation to objects, be it internal or external. These objects, basically, are said to be formed through interactions with the parents during childhood. According to object-relations theory there are three fundamental â€Å"affects† that can exist between the self and the other; attachment, frustration, and rejection. These â€Å"affects† are considered as the major building blocks of the personality. Therefore, if these affects are triggered, there is the possibility that a change of personality may occur; a changein terms of a person’s perception towards a particular thing or can be a change with regards to a person’s ability to interact with other people. These kinds of changes, as believed by Freudian theorists, may be addressed through psychoanalysis. The Interpersonal Psychoanalysis, on the other hand, states that a patient’s interpersonal interactions with others provide insights into the causes and cures of mental disorder. It is believed that patients keep many aspects of interpersonal relationships out of their awareness by selective inattention. The role of psychoanalysis, therefore, is to bring out detailed information from the patient which will lead them to finding out the interpersonal patterns within that patient. In line with the arguments of Freud’s critics, one question that could be raised is that, has psychoanalytic therapy really â€Å"cured† mentally impaired people or are these people just cured because of the fact that they believed that they were cured and not because they really were? There could be a great possibility that people just perceived that he is cured even if he is not. This is one good question that can be addressed with regards to the psychoanalytic process. There were many critics who emerged during the peak of the success of the psychoanalytic movement. Some were for the movement, many were against it. However, it still flourished and up to now, this method is continuously being used. Wholly, Freud’s Psychoanalytic movement has strengths and weaknesses. Probably, part of the strengths of this movement are the facts that clearly, this theory addresses its problem, it can be applied in practical ways and, most importantly, it withstands the test of time. You read "The Psychoanalysis Theory" in category "Essay examples" This only means that no matter how many negative criticisms this movement encountered, it is still able to function in such a way that it is being helpful to the society. No matter how many flaws were encountered during the generation of the movement, it is still useful up to this time. In fact, even today, psychoanalysis still remains as a valid option for people who seek help because of mental illness. The movement will continuously flourish because of the fact that it addresses its problems accordingly and it is easy to conduct as long as the involved parties participate accordingly to the process being done. For somebody who whole – heartedly believes in the psychoanalytic movement, it is quite hard to point out certain weaknesses of the movement. However, the only weakness that it might really probably possess is the fact that it might really probably be just giving data which are just interpretations of the analyst which is again, going back to Grà ¼nbaum’s argument, he said that the   patients could probably just saying what the analyst wants to hear. But as stated earlier, Freud’s aim is to find out the â€Å"reasons† and not the â€Å"causes†. The psychoanalytic theory can be considered most useful in addressing problems of patients who are considered mentally impaired. People who undergo Psychoanalysis are people who are emotionally impaired with symptoms like depression or anxiety, loneliness, and incapacity to feel close to anyone. Brain disorders like schizophrenia and autism can be cured through this method as well. However, psychoanalysis would not work with schizophrenics and autistics because such patients ignore their therapist’s insights and are resistant to treatment (Dolnick 40). Depression, loneliness, and the incapacity to feel close to anyone, as believed by Freud, to be easily addressed through psychoanalysis, are states wherein a person experiences difficulty in coping up with changes that are constantly happening to his surroundings. He therefore encounters a feeling of being unwanted by the society. With this kind of feeling, the person involved then lacks self esteem which he needs in order for him to get along with the people around him. Freud believed that this kind of problem can be solved if proper interventions will be done and proper techniques of communication will put into practice. This is when the person involved is willing to talk about his problems; the things that makes him think that he is unwanted by other people; the reasons why he is having a hard time coping up with the changes happening around him. Through talking the problem out, the person can now feel that somebody is there to listen to him. This kind of method only works if the person involved is willing enough to disclose himself to another person. Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalysis is a theory which tries to discover the connections between the unconscious components of a patient’s mental processes. Personally, based on the studies done for this particular topic, I believe that it really is an effective way intervening people with certain problems with their behavior. With the different studies done by Freud, there are ample evidences that conscious thought and behavior are influenced by non-conscious memories and processes. As stated earlier, the psychotherapy could greatly help people with mental and emotional problems by knowing the past events that greatly affects people’s thought and ideas through unlocking the â€Å"unconscious† thereby being able to decipher why a certain person acts the way he does, and thereby addressing the mental problem of the patient. Works Cited Hook, Sidney, ed. Psychoanalysis, Scientific Method, and Philosophy: A Symposium.   New York: New York University Press, 1959. The researcher use data from Psychoanalysis, Scientific Method, and Philosophy: A Symposium to strengthen the topic sentence that Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalysis is a theory which tries to discover the connections between the unconscious components of a patient’s mental processes. The book talks about Psychoanalysis as a scientific theory and not as a mere philosophical theory, it aims to answer the different questions thrown against the movement. It is through this book that the researcher was able to make strong points against the different debates against the movement. The book also gave enough background about the rise and development of the movement. Freud, Sigmund. An outline of psycho – analysis. New York: W. W. Norton Company, 1989. The researcher use data from An outline of psycho – analysis to strengthen the topic sentence that Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalysis is a theory which tries to discover the connections between the unconscious components of a patient’s mental processes. This is a book that focuses on Freud’s psychoanalysis movement. It talks about the fundamentals of psychoanalysis. He marshals here the whole range of psychoanalytic theory and therapy in lucid prose and continues his open-mindedness to new departures. The researcher used the source to describe Psychoanalysis as a whole on the first part of the paper. The researcher also used this to counter some arguments thrown against the movement. Grunbaum, Adolf. The foundations of psychoanalysis. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1985. The researcher use data from The foundations of psychoanalysis to strengthen the topic sentence that Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalysis is a theory which tries to discover the connections between the unconscious components of a patient’s mental processes. This is a philosophical critique of the foundations of Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalysis. Through this book, Grunbaum was able to state his debates against Freud’s psychoanalysis. The researcher uses the data, to cite an example of debates against the movement. Cioffi, F. Freud and the Question of Pseudoscience. New York: Open Court Publishing Company, 1998. The researcher use data from Freud and the Question of Pseudoscience to strengthen the topic sentence that Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalysis is a theory which tries to discover the connections between the unconscious components of a patient’s mental processes. The book has shown that psychoanalysis was actually more concrete to humanities rather than the biophysical science. Like a study by Dolnick, cited below, it also discusses debates on the movements, as well as attacks on Freud himself. The researcher was able to get enough background on causes why debates against the movement started. Dolnick, Edward. Madness on the couch: Blaming the victim in the heyday of psychoanalysis. New York: Simon Chester, 1998. The researcher use data from Madness on the couch: Blaming the victim in the heyday of psychoanalysis to strengthen the topic sentence that Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalysis is a theory which tries to discover the connections between the unconscious components of a patient’s mental processes. This book focused on the pseudoscientific theories and dangerous practices that emerged and flourished in the wake of World War II as American psychotherapists battled to understand and treat schizophrenia, autism, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Though unlike Cioffi’s Freud and the question of Pseudoscience, this one strongly emphasize that psychoanalysis did more harm than good to patients. It is through this, that the researcher was able to cite some examples to strengthen. his position with regards to the psychoanalytic movement. How to cite The Psychoanalysis Theory, Essay examples

Why did the Weimar Republic survive the crisis of 1918 1923 Essay Example

Why did the Weimar Republic survive the crisis of 1918 1923 Paper Many desperately serious problems faced the new Weimar Republic and its constitution between 1918 1923, as explored in the previous essay. Amazingly, the Republic survived and remained intact. It survived falling due to many solutions the Treaty of Versailles, from political, economic, left wing, and right wing problems too. These different solutions kept Germany from crumbling. In this essay, I will explore these solutions to show how and why the Weimar Republic survived the crisis of 1918 1923. The Weimar Constitution was designed as a balanced democratic settlement to bring back stability, with which every German could identify. It did result in an ersatzkaiser, and was potentially de-stabilising, but despite this, the constitution worked very well indeed. It gave German people the right to employment, and dole money (pleased the left wing) even though Germany was in great debt. It gave workers National Insurance, and hinted at Nationalisation, which would unify Germany, although the Right wing would fury. The Constitution brought Germany from autocracy to democracy; shown by everyone over 20 being allowed to vote, and gave people many social rights e. g. o be able to belong to a Union, and adapted as part of the constitution. The Constitution worked well under extreme circumstances, for example in the Kapp Putsch. Article 48 was potentially destabilising, and gave the power to be abused and become a dictator. However, Article 48 was not abused in the period 1918 1923 at all. It was used properly and as it should have been sensibly, to stabilise, and bring about order. The coalition governments that rose from the constitution frequently fell over disagreements, but there were many good points about them. We will write a custom essay sample on Why did the Weimar Republic survive the crisis of 1918 1923 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Why did the Weimar Republic survive the crisis of 1918 1923 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Why did the Weimar Republic survive the crisis of 1918 1923 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer They made parties feel wanted and they could all have a say on how the country was run. The parties were forced to compromise and worked as one. The Social democrats and Catholics could now play a part in the government, who were previously seen as enemies of the Reich. The president and the Reichstag were finely balanced, and so coalition governments had many hopeful points surrounding them to keep the Weimar Republic up and running, and so surviving the many crises that threatened the new Republic. So the new Republic survived problems from the constitution, mainly because there were many positive sides to it. People could work and receive money if they werent, they could vote, a change they had not yet encountered under the Kaiser. Article 48 was used properly and sensibly and the parties worked well together, so it wasnt all bad, and as this was so it kept the republic from collapsing. Although the Treaty of Versailles treated Germany more harshly than was expected, the consequences were not all bad as they first appeared. The signing of the armistice brought the war to an end before Germany could be occupied by the allies. The harshness of the treaty united Germany and every German, it became a strong united nation state. The destruction of the Austrian-Hungary Empire and Ottoman Empire created many smaller states. Germany became a large, powerful country amongst these smaller countries, in a position to dominate Eastern/Central Europe. France failed to weaken Germany permanently, and the harsh Reparations did not completely destroy the German economy. The Allies later modified the Reparation demands by the Dawes Plan. However, the French occupation of the Ruhr was beyond Germanys control. So, the Treaty bonded the country together in times of difficulty. The treaty was despised and hated, but every German was united in its hatred. Hatred wasnt directed much towards the government, the countries hatred was directed more towards the Allies. Germany became a strong country, and so self-esteem was boosted by the people knowing that their country was still as powerful, if not more in its position. So the Republic survived this crisis well.. the Treaty wasnt as bad as it could have been. The economic problems seriously undermined the regime, but the decisions made by the Government were not all bad. For example when the French occupied the Ruhr, the people supported the Government by carrying out passive resistance, and not co-operating with the French as they took over the mines. This shows loyalty to the Weimar Republic. When hyperinflation set in, there were many losers, but on the positive side there were winners too. Inflation is good for growth! Winners were those who owed money and were able to pay off debts in devalued currency, tenant farmers could keep the family alive on their goods and buy the farm for themselves, landlords could buy more real estate from the naive and desperate, and entrepreneurs could exploit cheap credit and inflated profits to create large industrial companies, (e. g. Hugo Stinnes). So, although the were losers: middle classes and those living on fixed income lost out, quite a few people would benefit and be exceedingly happy. When the new government was set up after Wilhelm Cunos fell in August 1923, a new chancellor, Stresemann, of the DVP, solved virtually all of Germanys economic problems almost instantly. Stresemann called off Passive resistance in the Ruhr, as it didnt seem to be working, stopped the printing of more worthless money, and introduced a new currency.. the Rentenmark. This new currency stabilised the German economy almost overnight. So, although many people lost out to the effects of hyperinflation and were annoyed with the new Government, people did benefit from hyperinflation. With the stability of the currency people were able to lead more of a natural life, and would be pleased with the government for taking them back to normality. For this there would not be as much resentment towards the government. Germany began to prosper, and despite the losers the people who profited (those with power Stinnes) came out better off from hyperinflation than if it had never had of taken place. So, some people would have nothing against the Government, as it brought them their fortunes, and freed people from heavy debt. The Left wing attempted to overthrow the government, but they failed. The left wing threats, for example the Spartakists, were easily put down the Army the Ebert/Groener Pact. This shows how the Left wing would have never have had a chance of turning Germany Communist, due to the strength of the army. So it would survive the crisis thanks to the army. The bad organisation on the part of Karl liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg also led to the left wing defeat they were murdered by the army too. So the Republic survived the crisis from the left due to bad organisation, and extreme left wing numbers were highly overestimated. For people only attended the rallies as they were unemployed, hungry, and many people were suffering from Spanish flu. But the people saw the KPD for what they were as they were not suffering as much as the Russians did in the Russian revolution. There was less dislocation than in the USSR too unemployment was not that serious, although people were suffering from hunger and flu in 1918. The Left wing did support the actions of the government, for example when Kapp seized power in Berlin, the left organised a general strike in Berlin and elsewhere. The Left was never strong enough to pose a serious threat to the Republic. They were overestimated and easily put down. The Left wing went into disarray in 1921 and never posed a threat from then on. Although there was a talk of a German October, The Red army in the Ruhr was easily put down by the army and so, due to the incompetence of the Left and bad organisation, they were doomed from the start and never really strong enough to take control of the Government so the Weimar Republic survived. The threat from the Right was the greatest to the new Weimar Republic, but they failed to overthrow the government, and so letting the weimar Republic survive the crises from the Right. They failed on this due to a few main reasons. The Right Wing were badly disorganised, just like the extreme Left Wing. Kapp failed to mount a successful putsch, and so was Hitler. On both occasions the army remained neutral and did not support the extremists, and they both made bad mistakes. They both failed to seize power, they were undisciplined and so the Republic survived. Ordinary people supported the government when the right went too far. For example the assassination of Walther Rathenau. 700000 people turned out to protest against the Organisation Consul, as they hated Right Wing extremism. The army, and the ites in the government never intended to overthrow the Government, as they were dreadfully afraid of a civil war. Although the judges were biased, they still removed the extreme left wing protesters and halted their attempts to seize power by sentencing the majority of them to death. The Right was very underestimated, they were the greatest threat to the Republic, but they didnt pose as much as a threat to the Republic in the years 1918 1923 as they did when Hitler was in power in the years 1932 1933. The Government did have the support of the general public, in the Kapp putsch and the Munich Putsch. Kapp was defeated by a general strike. So, although the extreme right was a formidable threat to the Weimar Republic in these early years they were not able to take control. They did have a significant amount of popular support, but the extreme right did not have majority support. It was weakened by internal divisions between Freikorps and Reichswehr, DNVP and NSDAP, and civilian politicians and paramilitaries to name but a few. These were significant factors to explain why the Kapp and Hitler Putches failed in 1920 and 1923. The Right were the biggest threat to the Weimar Republic, but they failed to seize power as they were not yet strong enough, they were divided, with no clear strategy. Every new government is meant to have a few teething problems, this began just before, and just after the Weimar Republic was set up in January 1919. The Spartakists were on the streets, the Freikorps sent in to put the unrest down. The Weimar Republic began on a bad note. It survived many crises in the years 1918 1923. It survived due to a strong constitution, the proper use of article 48, the hyperinflation, and the harsh terms of the Treaty of Versailles. It survived the threats from the left wing (the Spartakists) and the threats from the right (Kapp and Hitler putsches). One question would be: why and how did Weimar survive these? My answer as to be the most important factor as to why the republic survived would be because the Right wing were not yet strong enough. However it can be argued that resentment was channelled more towards the French and the Allies than towards Weimar itself, as they had imposed the harshness of the Treaty of Versailles, and the French had occupied the Ruhr and caused the inflation. Despite these effects of inflation, the workers did not suffer to the same extent as they did when there was long term mass employment after the end of the war. Businessmen and others did very well out of inflation, like Hugo Stinnes, and many other people did exceedingly well out of inflation. People could pay of debts in devalued currency, so these profiteers would not resent the government at all even though the was no clear political alternative to Weimar. Germany became more united when the Treaty of Versailles was imposed, and the government was forced to work together. Although it frequently fell, it worked together and pulled through all the problems it faced (Kapp Putsch). The Left wing didnt pose much of a threat, it was put down easily when they did protest and the numbers were much much smaller than was predicted. The left never stood a chance to take the Government, they had not yet recovered from its divisions and suppression in the years 1918 1921. But the Right were the biggest threat to democracy. As argued in the previous question the right was the biggest problem to the Republic, but they could not take control so early. The Right was strong and powerful, they had big business and the Army on their side, not to mention the civil service and judiciary. The Right was much stronger and powerful than was predicted. However, despite the right being the strongest threat to the Weimar Republic, they failed to take power. In the years 1918 1923 the right were not yet strong enough. This was shown in the Kapp Putsch, they seized power but fled after 4 days. They were divided and had no clear strategy and were unorganised. There were internal divisions between Freikorps and Reichswehr, DNVP and NSDAP etc etc. They failed to seize power as they were unorganised, and they did lack majority support. It was a miracle that the Weimar Republic survived all of these crisis, but I believe strongly that if the Right wing were more organised, and had more of a clear strategy and removed all of the internal divisions in the years 1918 1923, then they could have easily have seized power and removed those in the Weimar Republic. The Right were a formidable threat to the weimar Republic, and although they did fail to take control in the years 1918 1923, they were the biggest threat, and the most powerful underestimated force that the Government should have dealt with before they started on the extreme left. So, the Weimar Republic survived the crisis of 1918 1923, due to a strong, divided right wing with no clear strategy, not yet ready to seize power.

Flamenco essays

Flamenco essays Flamenco es un arte. Es un arte que estimula la mente, el cuerpo, y el alma. Flamenco es originario de Espan, flamenco tiene unas raà ­ces en los moros y los judà ­os. Hoy el flamenco forma parte de la tradicin en la vida de cada dà ­a, porque toda la mà ºsica que las personas escuchan en Andalucà ­a ha brotado del flamenco (Similar al Jazz en los estados unidos). Hay tres tipos de Flamenco: El baile, la guitarra, y el canto. Por lo general, la mà ºsica es lo ms importante. El baile del flamenco no es menos que fantstico. Las chicas usan sus cuerpos con gracia y con mucho flujo. Los chicos bailan en forma de Zapateado, forma por la cual ellos usan mucho los pies, y golpean el piso con los tacones. La mà ºsica es muy rpida y las personas se mueven al comps de la mà ºsica. La parte de canto es la que a mi no me gusta. No me gusta porque el volumen de las voces de las personas, en mi opinin, no es tan necesario . Tambin, no me gusta el tono de los personas que estn cantando. Probablemente es porque yo no escucho este tipo de mà ºsica todos los dà ­as, y es solamente porque es diferente. En el canto, en las raà ­ces del norte de frica es muy evidente cuando las personas gritan jaleos. Cuando yo fui al frica, yo escuche los jaleos muy similares a los que se escuchan en la mà ºsica del Flamenco. La parte de la guitarra es mi favorito. Me gusta este parte porque es similar a la mà ºsica que yo escucho. Tambin, el sonido es muy denso y es un placer escucharlo. Yo escucho un poco de la mà ºsica de Paco de Lucia, y me gusta mucho la mà ºsica. Ahora, despus de haber trabajado en este ensayo, ya se mucho mas sobre flamenco y de las tradiciones de las personas en Espa ...

Planting Hybrid Poplar, Pros and Cons

Planting Hybrid Poplar, Pros and Cons A hybrid plant is produced when pollen of one species is used to fertilize flowers of another species. A hybrid poplar is a tree resulting from the combining, either naturally or artificially, of various poplar species into a hybrid. Hybrid poplars (Populus spp.) are among the fastest-growing trees in North America and well suited for certain conditions. Poplar hybrids are not desirable in many landscapes but can be of major importance under certain forestry conditions. Should I Plant a Hybrid Poplar? It depends. The tree can be effectively used by tree farmers and large property owners under certain conditions. Most hybrid poplars are a landscaping nightmare when grown in yards and parks. The populus species are susceptible to fungal leaf spots that defoliate trees by late summer. The poplar tree is extremely susceptible to a devastating canker and dies an ugly death in just a few years. Still, poplar just may be the most planted ornamental tree in America. Where Did the Hybrid Poplar Come From? Members of the willow family, hybrid poplars are crosses between North Americas cottonwoods, aspens, and Europes poplars. Poplars were first used as windbreaks for European fields and hybridized in Britain in 1912 using a cross between European and North American species. Planting hybrid poplar for profit started in the 1970s. Forest Services Wisconsin lab led in U.S. hybrid poplar research. The Poplar has restored its reputation by offering a new source of alternative fuels and fiber. Why Grow Hybrid Poplar? Hybrids grow six to ten times faster than similar species. Tree farmers can see economic returns in 10 to 12 years.Hybrid poplar research has reduced the disease problems. There are now commercially available disease-resistant trees.Hybrids are easy to plant. You can plant an unrooted dormant cutting or stick.Growth off stump sprouts insures future trees with little or no planting costs.There is an ever-increasing list of primary uses being developed for hybrid poplar. What Are the Primary Commercial Uses of Hybrid Poplar? Pulpwood: There is an increasing need for aspen for the production of wood products in the Lake States. Hybrid poplar may be substituted here.Engineered Lumber Products: Hybrid poplar can be used in the process of making oriented strand board and, possibly, structural lumber.Energy: Burning wood does not increase atmospheric carbon monoxide(CO). The hybrid poplar absorbs as much CO over its lifetime as is given off in burning so it mitigates amount of CO given off. What Are Alternative Uses of Hybrid Poplar? Hybrid poplar is extremely beneficial in ways not directly profitable. Property owners can stabilize stream banks and agricultural lands by planting and encouraging hybrid poplar growth. Windbreaks of poplar have protected fields in Europe for centuries. In addition to protecting soil from wind erosion, the windbreaks protect livestock and humans from cold winds and increase wildlife habitat and aesthetics. Phytoremediation and the Hybrid Poplar In addition to the above values of hybrid poplar, it makes an excellent phytoremediator. Willows and specifically hybrid poplar have the ability to take up harmful waste products and lock them away in their woody stems. Municipal and corporate institutions are becoming more and more encouraged by new research showing the benefits of planting hybrid poplar to naturally clean up toxic waste.